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Events:C/P.
411 BC The Athenian coup succeeds, forming a short-lived oligarchy.
53 The Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia.
68 The Roman Emperor Nero commits suicide, after quoting Homer's Iliad, thus ending the Julio-Claudian dynasty and starting the civil war known as the Year of the Four Emperors.
721 Odo of Aquitaine defeats the Moors in the Battle of Toulouse.
747 Abbasid Revolution: Abu Muslim Khorasani, Arab military leader, begins an open revolt against Umayyad rule, which is carried out under the sign of the Black Standard.
1311 Duccio's Maestΰ Altarpiece, a seminal artwork of the early Italian Renaissance, is unveiled and installed in Siena Cathedral in Siena, Italy.
1534 Jacques Cartier is the first European to discover the Saint Lawrence River.
1650 The Harvard Corporation, the more powerful of the two administrative boards of Harvard, is established. It is the first legal corporation in the Americas.
1667 Second Anglo-Dutch War: The Raid on the Medway by the Dutch fleet begins. It lasts for five days and results in the worst ever defeat of the Royal Navy.
1732 James Oglethorpe is granted a royal charter for the colony of the future U.S. state of Georgia.
1762 British forces begin the Siege of Havana and capture the city during the Seven Years' War.
1772 The British schooner Gaspee is burned off the coast of Rhode Island.
1798 Irish Rebellion of 1798: Battle of Arklow and Battle of Saintfield.
1815 End of the Congress of Vienna: the new European political situation is set. Also, Luxembourg declares independence from the French Empire.
1856 500 Mormons leave Iowa City, Iowa, and head west for Salt Lake City carrying all their possessions in two-wheeled handcarts.
1862 American Civil War: Stonewall Jackson concludes his successful Shenandoah Valley Campaign with a victory in the Battle of Port Republic; his tactics during the campaign are now studied by militaries around the world.
1863 American Civil War: Battle of Brandy Station, Virginia.
1873 Alexandra Palace in London burns down after being open for only 16 days.
1885 Treaty of Tientsin is signed to end the Sino-French War, with China eventually giving up Tonkin and Annam most of present-day Vietnam to France.
1900 Birsa Munda, an important figure in the Indian independence movement, dies in a British prison under mysterious circumstances.
1915 William Jennings Bryan resigns as Woodrow Wilson's Secretary of State over a disagreement regarding the United States' handling of the sinking of the RMS Lusitania.
1923 Bulgaria's military takes over the government in a coup.
1928 Charles Kingsford Smith completes the first trans-Pacific flight in a Fokker Trimotor monoplane, the Southern Cross.
1930 A Chicago Tribune reporter, Jake Lingle, is killed during rush hour at the Illinois Central train station by Leo Vincent Brothers, allegedly over a $100,000 gambling debt owed to Al Capone.
1934 Donald Duck makes his debut in The Wise Little Hen.
1944 World War II: 99 civilians are hanged from lampposts and balconies by German troops in Tulle, France, in reprisal for maquisards attacks.
1944 World War II: the Soviet Union invades East Karelia and the previously Finnish part of Karelia, occupied by Finland since 1941.
1946 King Ananda Mahidol is found shot dead in his bedroom, Bhumibol Adulyadej ascends to the throne of Thailand. He is currently the world's longest reigning monarch.
1948 Foundation of the International Council on Archives under the auspices of the UNESCO.
1953 FlintWorcester tornado outbreak sequence: a tornado spawned from the same storm system as the Flint tornado hits in Worcester, Massachusetts, killing 94.
1954 McCarthyism: Joseph Welch, special counsel for the United States Army, lashes out at Senator Joseph McCarthy during hearings on whether Communism has infiltrated the Army giving McCarthy the famous rebuke, "You've done enough. Have you no sense of decency, sir, at long last? Have you left no sense of decency?"
1957 First ascent of Broad Peak by Fritz Wintersteller, Marcus Schmuck, Kurt Diemberger, and Hermann Buhl.
1958 Queen Elizabeth II officially opens London's Gatwick Airport in Crawley, West Sussex, United Kingdom.
1959 The USS George Washington is launched. It is the first submarine to carry ballistic missiles.
1965 The civilian Prime Minister of South Vietnam, Phan Huy Quαt, resigns after being unable to work with a junta led by Nguyễn Cao Kỳ.
1965 Vietnam War: The Viet Cong commences combat with the Army of the Republic of Vietnam in the Battle of Đồng Xoΰi, one of the largest battles in the war.
1967 Six-Day War: Israel captures the Golan Heights from Syria
1968 U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson declares a national day of mourning following the assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy.
1972 Severe rainfall causes a dam in the Black Hills of South Dakota to burst, creating a flood that kills 238 people and causes $160 million in damage.
1973 In horseracing, Secretariat wins the U.S. Triple Crown.
1974 Portugal and the Soviet Union establish diplomatic relations.
1978 The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints opens its priesthood to "all worthy men", ending a 148-year-old policy of excluding black men.
1979 The Ghost Train fire at Luna Park Sydney (Australia) kills seven.
1985 Thomas Sutherland is kidnapped in Lebanon. He will not be released until 1991.
1999 Kosovo War: the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and NATO sign a peace treaty.
2006 60th Anniversary Celebrations of Bhumibol Adulyadej's Accession.